Cultural and historical perspectives: ancient civilizations and diverse cosmogonies in japanese anime and entertainment media
Article derived from the doctoral thesis "Ancient Mythology and Fairy Tales in the Concept Art of Video Games" presented in June 2024 at the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/aitias5.10-97Keywords:
japanese animation, japanese entertaiment media, western entertainment media, mythology , history, transculturality, religion, hypermodernity, trasmodernity, pop culture, visual anthropology, shintoism, buddhism, confucianism, cosmogoniesAbstract
During the 1980s and 1990s, Japanese animations made a massive breakthrough into Western entertainment media, capturing the public's attention and becoming essential elements of visual culture. Titles like “Sailor Moon”, “Saint Seiya”, and the films of “Studio Ghibli” established themselves as cultural touchstones, influencing not only entertainment but also fashion, art, and other aspects of contemporary life. This influence has deeply permeated global visual culture, even blending with local traditions. This article will provide a brief review of some of the historical and religious roots of ancient Japan, exploring how these influences have shaped the narratives and aesthetics of the animations that today form part of the contemporary global visual language.
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